to any place kept or used for the purpose of an exhibition of fighting;
His law practice has an
gaff, slasher or
destroying such records, data, materials, equipment or animals. obtained by theft or deception from an animal research facility or
and testimonials on this site are real and were unsolicited. client relationship.
Aggravated animal abuse in the first degree (1) A person commits the crime of aggravated animal abuse in the first degree if the person: (a) Maliciously kills an animal; or (b) Intentionally or knowingly tortures an animal. defendant did not make reasonable arrangements for the care of the
that the paraphernalia be used to train a dog as a fighting dog or be
specific charge that you face. A Beaverton, Oregon veterinarian is accused of animal abuse, and a former customer said the suspect’s actions preceded the death of his dog. c.796 §1], "David is extremely
immediate presence of a minor child.
},
(b) Promotes, conducts or participates in, or performs any
(3) Animal abandonment is a Class B misdemeanor. (a) Maliciously kills an animal; or (b) Intentionally or knowingly tortures an animal. to provide minimum care for an animal in the person’s custody or control
Copyright 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007. (2) Interfering with a law enforcement animal is a Class A
167.426. a fighting bird, using or intending to use the bird in cockfighting or
On November 8, a Grand Jury indicted Koller on 2 counts of aggravated animal abuse and 2 counts of first degree animal abuse. Meagan Lafferty, 44, pleaded no contest to first-degree aggravated animal abuse and attempted aggravated harassment and was sentenced by Marion County Judge Claudia Burton on … is believed to be accurate but is not
A person commits the crime of research and animal interference if the
Aaron Montoya, 30, is charged with aggravated animal abuse. Along with the horrific murder of his mother, he was also found guilty of aggravated animal abuse of her dog that resulted in its death, along with a third crime of attempted murder of a grocery clerk. spectator at an exhibition of fighting or preparations thereto; (c) Keeps or uses, or in any way is connected with or interested
Ortega-Lopez v. Barr, No. gaff. ORS 167.325 Animal neglect in the second degree. fighting ability of a fighting bird. This paragraph does not apply to a
Information contained in this website
The Jackson County District Attorney’s Office said on July 22, 2017, an Oregon State Police trooper approached a stopped vehicle on Highway 62.
(1)
furtherance” includes, but is not limited to, transporting spectators to
State v. Dan, 172 Or App 645, 20 P3d 829 (2001), Exemption of nuisance laws from constitutional requirement for payments based on government regulations restricting use of property, (2001) Vol 49, p 284, Join thousands of people who receive monthly site A person commits the crime of dogfighting if the person knowingly does
ORS 167.320 Animal abuse in the first degree. (e) With the intent to interfere with research, possesses or
(1)
is being used in the lawful discharge of the animal’s duties.
you, I will be your lawyer and point of contact. this section. ORS 167.322 Aggravated animal abuse in the first degree. ORS 167.355 Involvement in animal fighting. replacement of the animals, labor and materials, if acts constituting
"postalCode": "97209",
supplying the bird knowing that the bird is intended to be used in
"address": {
[1987
misdemeanor. misdemeanor. This paragraph does not apply to a
(2) Aggravated animal abuse in the first degree is a Class C felony and the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission shall classify the offense as crime category 6 of the … uses equipment or animals that the person reasonably believes have been
the person owns or possess dogfighting paraphernalia with the intent
In October of this year, a complaint from a victim was heard by the Beaverton, OR, Police Department. While there is strong legal protection for Oregon’s pets, it takes a dedicated team to enforce these laws, process evidence, partner with law enforcement, and ensure that abused and neglected animals get the care they need. Manufactures, buys, sells, barters, exchanges, possesses, advertises or
Animal Protection Laws Rankings Report published by the Animal Legal Defense Fund, the nation’s preeminent legal advocacy organization for animals.. involving the use of animals. },
animal shelter, veterinary clinic or other place of shelter if the
"@context": "http://www.schema.org",
condition of the facility before the damage occurred; and. c.147 §2; 2001 c.554 §1]. ORS 167.339 Assaulting a law enforcement animal. For purposes of this paragraph, a minor child is in the immediate presence of animal abuse if the abuse is seen or directly perceived in any … (3) Animal abuse in the second degree is a Class B misdemeanor. Contact: media@aldf.org SAN FRANCISCO, CA — For first time, Maine ranks as the top state for animal protection laws according to the annual U.S. if damage to the animal research facility is less than $2,500. Promotes or participates in, or performs services in furtherance of, the
updates. training and handling a fighting dog. Read our
"worstRating": 1,
c.926 §5b; 2003 c.428 §1]. Also includes attempt, solicitation or conspiracy to commit for any of these crimes. "bestRating": 5,
ORS 167.315 Animal abuse in the second degree. Copyright 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007. The one reported event was investigated in conjunction with the Oregon Humane Society. ORS 167.330 Animal neglect in the first degree. c.662 §3; 2001 c.926 §8; 2003 c.577 §8]. Oregon law already considers aggravated animal abuse a felony. money wagered on a cockfight. Ag-gag Bills – Seriously? c.273 §3]. other sharp implement designed for attachment to a fighting bird with
(1)
“datePublished”: “2019-05-17”,
WHAT IS
person: (a) Owns or trains an animal with the intention that the animal
involved domestic violence as defined in ORS 135.230 or the offense was
a cockfight; or. He was named an Oregon
A person commits the crime of sexual assault of an animal if the person: (a) Touches or contacts, or causes an object or another person
(B) Any offense under this section or ORS 167.322 (Aggravated animal abuse in the first degree), or the equivalent laws of another jurisdiction; or (b) The person knowingly commits the animal abuse in the immediate presence of a minor child. "openingHours": "Mo 08:30-16:30 Tu 08:30-16:30 We 01:00-16:30 Th 08:30-16:30 Fr 08:30-16:30",
(2) Encouraging animal abuse is a Class C misdemeanor. [1987 c.249 §2]. degree if, except as otherwise authorized by law, the person
",
Cockfighting is a Class C felony. possession or control to be occupied, kept or used for the purpose of an
}
cockfighting. The police shared the complaint with the Oregon Humane Society. of an exhibition of fighting. (2) Participation in dogfighting is a Class C felony. to commission of the acts constituting the violation; (b) For damages to real and personal property caused by acts
Police said Montoya killed the family pit bull either late Saturday night or early Sunday morning. Manufactures, buys, sells, barters, exchanges, possesses, advertises or
be occupied, kept or used for the conducting of a cockfight. "priceRange": "$$",
AGGRAVATED ANIMAL ABUSE IN THE FIRST DEGREE IN OREGON?
Oct. 20, 2020). intentionally, knowingly, recklessly or with criminal negligence fails
WHAT IS
[Formerly 164.369; 2009 c.555 §1; 2011 c.597 §167].
dogfight, transportation of spectators to a dogfight, organizing a
(3) As used in this section: for non-profit, educational, and government users.
(4) Determination of damages to an animal research facility
conducting of a cockfight. . (1)
defense lawyers are governed by the Oregon Code of
[1995 c.663 §2; 2001 c.926 §9]. "Should you hire me to represent
[1985 c.662 §5; 2001 c.926 §10].
except as otherwise authorized by law, the person intentionally,
Through social entrepreneurship, [2005 c.467 §3; 2008 c.42 §2]. (b) “Torture” means an action taken for the primary purpose of
enforcement animal; and. used in training or handling a fighting bird or for enhancing the
163.187 or the equivalent laws of another jurisdiction, if the offense
court under ORS 167.350; and. "@type": "PostalAddress",
"telephone": "5035462928"
Join us Thursday at 6 p.m. as we dive into the issues they face to survive. offers to sell a fighting dog, including but not limited to any
(1) A person commits the crime of animal neglect in the second
exhibition of dogfighting. mind and reckless and wanton disregard of life. "@type": "Attorney",
(3) Sexual assault of an animal is a Class A misdemeanor.
person knowingly: (a)
the conducting of a cockfight.
Due to his lack of a prior criminal record, Lopez’s sentence was based on Oregon’s current sentencing guidelines. By David N Lesh, info@davidlesh.net. possessing, keeping, rearing, buying, selling, advertising or otherwise
(1) A person commits the crime of aggravated animal abuse in the first degree if the person: (b) Intentionally or knowingly tortures an animal. MEDFORD, Ore. – A man pleaded “no contest” to charges of animal abuse after he left two dogs to die in a Medford hotel room. ... 1 count of arson, aggravated animal abuse … used in training or handling a fighting bird or for enhancing the
"addressRegion": "OR",
seen or directly perceived in any other manner by the minor child.
or. After pleading guilty to first-degree aggravated animal abuse, 52-year-old Fidel Lopez admitted to sexually assaulting the dog. A person commits the crime of cockfighting if the person knowingly: (a) Owns, possesses, keeps, rears, trains, buys, sells or advertises or
“author”: “W Mitchell”,
(b) With the intent to interfere with research, damages,
defend and help people facing criminal charges in the Portland metro
(a) “Maliciously” means intentionally acting with a depravity of
dogfight, advertising a dogfight, providing or serving as a stakes
Clackamas Counties. (b) Torture means an action taken for the primary purpose of inflicting pain.
the intent that the gaff, slasher or
provide legal advice or create a lawyer /
Oregon state requires a veterinarian to report when they have a “reasonable cause to believe that an animal with which the veterinarian has come in contact has suffered aggravated animal abuse” or that “any person with whom the veterinarian has come in contact has … He has been charged with aggravated animal cruelty and cruelty to animals, according to the sheriff’s department. }. in the first degree is a Class C felony if: (a) The person committing the animal abuse has previously been
Enforcing Oregon’s Animal Protection Laws. to provide minimum care for an animal in such person’s custody or
Suffers or permits a place in the possession or control of the person to
(1) A person commits the crime of aggravated animal abuse in the
(1)
An Oregon man was arrested for aggravated animal abuse after admitting to intentionally running over six pronghorn antelope. A person commits the crime of participation in cockfighting if the
"@type": "Rating",
[2003 c.484 §3; 2009
[1985 c.662 §4]. "geo": {
enforcement animal if the person intentionally or knowingly injures or
any of the following: (a) Owns, possesses, keeps, breeds, trains, buys, sells or
equipment. c.249 §3; 2008 c.42 §1]. KVAL.com reported that a 15-year-old girl killed a puppy by repeatedly throwing the animal to the floor. WHAT IS AGGRAVATED ANIMAL ABUSE IN THE FIRST DEGREE IN OREGON? communities of: Portland Ore., Portland OR, NW Northwest, SW Southwest, SE
equivalent laws of another jurisdiction; or, (b) The person knowingly commits the animal abuse in the
[1985 c.662 §2]. This is an appeal of a circuit court decision in an aggravated animal abuse case. (2) Aggravated animal abuse in the first degree is a Class C felony and the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission shall classify the offense as crime category 6 … used in the furtherance of a dogfight. (1)
otherwise offers to sell equipment with the intent that the equipment be
attempts to injure an animal the person knows or reasonably should know
Laws 1987, c. 249, § 5; repealed by Laws 2001, c. 666, § 56 State Representative Tim Josi was receiving pressure from his constituents who wanted a felony anti-cruelty law. They found that weaknesses in Oregon’s anti-cruelty law made the fight for justice an uphill battle in this case. to an animal research facility to perform acts not authorized by that
knowingly: (a) Attends or has paid admission at any place for the purpose
fighting” does not include demonstrations of the hunting or tracking
facility. A defendant was convicted in circuit court of aggravated animal abuse and other charges. According to jail records, Fidel Lopez was booked into the Multnomah County Jail on aggravated animal abuse and sexual assault of an animal – both … Office Location: 434 NW 19th Avenue; Portland, OR 97209.
Aggravated animal abuse is a Class C felony and is a crime category 6 on the sentencing grid. For purposes of this paragraph, a
(b) Class A misdemeanor if there is no damage to the facility or
A Christmas Valley man has been arrested on aggravated animal abuse charges after he told authorities he intentionally ran down six pronghorn antelope in Lake County, according to authorities. ... Oregon COVID-19 cases drop to record low of 2021. forfeited to possess the animal. "name": "David Lesh",
aggravated animal abuse 1 167.322 aggravated id theft 165.803 aggravated murder 163.095 aggravated murder - solicitation 163.095 nialteration of gift document 97.982 animal abuse 1 167.320 arson il 164.315 arson 1 164.325 11 box) assault ill 163.165 assault iv or (b) assault public safety officer 163.208 assault law enforcement animal 167.339 (1)
intentionally, knowingly, recklessly or with criminal negligence leaves
2001 c.926 §11; 2009 c.233 §1]. David Lesh is a Portland attorney emphasizing the
Two Albany residents killed in two-car crash. Websites, including this one, provide
ORS 167.372 Possessing dogfighting paraphernalia. intent to interfere with research by concealing, abandoning or
(b) Cruelly causes the death of an animal. aggravated animal abuse in the first degree. [Formerly 167.865; 1987 c.249 §6; 2003 c.484 §9; 2009 c.796 §2]. (2) Any practice of good animal husbandry is not a violation of
citizen access. He also pleaded guilty to being a felon in possession of a firearm in a separate case. animal carcass for the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual
of restoring the animal to confinement and to its health condition prior
On Tuesday, 37-year-old Joshua was convicted for murdering and decapitating his mother on Mother’s Day last year, as reported by FOX 12 Oregon. Oregon crime in other jurisdictions, is permanently potentially disqualifying and requires a weigh test regardless of the date of conviction. "image": "http://www.davidlesh.net/Lesh%20PNG.png",
"reviewBody": "David is extemely knowledgeable and an expert in the courtroom.
",
"addressCountry": "US"
Oregon
In making its determination, the court shall
(b)
Southeast, NE Northeast, and N North; Gresham; Beaverton; Hillsboro;
(3) Research and animal interference is a: (a) Class C felony if damage to the animal research facility is
Mr. Lesh is a former Multnomah County prosecutor (5
ANIMAL ABUSE IN THE SECOND DEGREE IN OREGON?
of viewing or betting upon a dogfight. A person commits the crime of animal abandonment if the person
this section that the defendant abandoned the animal at or near an
[2003 c.543 §3; 2009 c.555 §2; 2011 c.597 §168]. Under Oregon's guidelines, aggravated animal abuse -- which the law defines as "maliciously killing or intentionally torturing an animal" -- is a Level … ANIMAL ABUSE IN THE FIRST DEGREE IN OREGON? minor child is in the immediate presence of animal abuse if the abuse is
(1)
years) and
(3)
(2) Subsection (1) of this section does not apply to the use of
the Oregon Humane Society’s Investigations Department at (503) 285-7722 ext. "addressLocality": "Portland",
BEAVERTON, Ore. (KOIN) — A longtime veterinarian at Companion Pet Clinic in Beaverton now faces multiple animal abuse charges. (2) Aggravated animal abuse in the first degree is a Class C felony and the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission shall classify the offense as crime category 6 of the sentencing guidelines grid.
All reviews
otherwise offers to sell a gaff. Mr. Lesh accepts American Express, Discover, Visa and MasterCard credit cards / card. ", 5 stars
The Ninth Circuit has deferred to the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) holding that a conviction for animal cruelty is categorically a crime involving moral turpitude (CIMT).
Sept. 2, 2005. inflicting pain. Call me today at 503.546.2928 for immediate
$2,500 or more; or. guaranteed or warranted in any way. ORS 167.322 Aggravated animal abuse in the first degree. person knows or reasonably should know will be used for the purpose of
Manufactures, buys, sells, barters, exchanges, possesses, advertises or
ORS 167.312 Research and animal interference. ORS 167.370 Participation in dogfighting. Veterinarians have a lot of responsibility when it comes to the issue of animal abuse.
"hasMap": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/434+NW+19th+Ave,+Portland,+OR+97209/@45.5262437,-122.6922469,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x549509f9cba8e929:0x7ea570ea52587ad9!8m2!3d45.52624!4d-122.690053",
"latitude": "45.5262329",
or otherwise causes the death, injury or loss of any animal at or from
WHAT IS
service in the furtherance of, an exhibition of dogfighting, including
shall be made by the court. Clackamas Counties. and the failure to provide care results in serious physical injury or
{
[2009
"@type": "GeoCoordinates",
Repealed by Laws 2005, c. 830, § 48, eff. "I
Breeding dogs; possession; records 167.376. privacy statement. July 2017/Cottage Grove, Oregon. death to the animal. holder for any money wagered on a fight. Read our. As used in this paragraph, “services in
We will always provide free access to the current law. ORS 167.337 Interfering with law enforcement animal. ANIMAL NEGLECT IN THE SECOND DEGREE IN OREGON? degree if, except as otherwise authorized by law, the person
constituting the violation; and, (c) For the costs of repeating an experiment, including the
Oregon assault lawyers / attorneys for advice about any
(a) Maliciously kills an animal; or (b) Intentionally or knowingly tortures an animal. (2)
maiming or injuring of animals is a significant feature. about your case.
Keeps, uses or manages, or accepts payment of admission to, a place for
On November 8, 2019 a Washington County Grand Jury indicted Dr. Daniel God Koller on two counts of Aggravated Animal Abuse … vandalizes or steals any property in or on an animal research facility. [1995 c.663 §2; 2001 c.926 §9; 2013 c.719 §3], Evidence showing nonmalicious motivation for killing animal is not character evidence. felony.
refereeing a cockfight and providing, or acting as stakeholder for,
(1)
area. Report the presence or involve-ment of children in any animal abuse case to the Oregon Services
A person commits the crime of assaulting a law enforcement animal if: (a) The person knowingly causes serious physical injury to or
for services under the Code of Professional
desire of a person; or. A+ BBB rating. Manufactures, buys, sells, barters, exchanges, possesses, advertises or
in the management of, or receives money for the admission of any person
or self-protection. Recognizing the link between animal cruelty and human violence, certain animal abuse violations are considered felonies if committed in the presence of minor children. Consult qualified
(5) In addition to any other penalty imposed for violation of
a domestic animal or an equine at a location without providing minimum
(3) Involvement in animal fighting is a Class C felony. (2) Dogfighting is a Class C felony. committed against a minor child; or, (B) Any offense under this section or ORS 167.322, or the
knowingly or recklessly causes physical injury to an animal. (b) Advertises or otherwise offers to sell equipment that the
1990. (1)
may be considered an advertisement
(2) For the purposes of this section, “animal research facility”
A grand jury indicted Dr. Daniel Koller of the Companion Pet Clinic on charges including aggravated animal abuse. (c) Replacing damaged or missing records, data, material or
care. animal. A person commits the crime of possessing dogfighting paraphernalia if
Southeast, NE Northeast, and N North; Gresham; Beaverton; Hillsboro;
"@type": "Review",
assistance with your case.".
knowingly or recklessly: (a) Causes serious physical injury to an animal; or. A person commits the crime of animal abuse in the first degree if,
[1985 c.662 §8;
skills of an animal or the lawful use of animals for hunting, tracking
(d)
13 A materials, equipment or animals of any animal research facility with the
"@type": "Attorney",
gratifying the sexual desire of a person. (b) The injury or death occurs while the law enforcement animal
David Lesh provides Oregon criminal defense assistance to the
"url": "https://www.oregoncrimes.com",
The longest-running and most authoritative report of its kind, the 15 th annual … consider the reasonable costs of: (a) Replacing lost, injured or destroyed animals; (b) Restoring the animal research facility to the approximate
advertisement by the person to sell such a dog. lawyer to the Portland Police Bureau (3 years). is a law enforcement animal while the law enforcement animal is being
Subscribe. Any person who reports in good faith a suspected incident of cruelty to animals or aggravated cruelty to a dog, cat, or equine to a local law enforcement agency or to the Department of Arkansas State Police is immune from civil or criminal liability for reporting the incident. nonhuman mammal, other than a dog or a fighting bird as defined in ORS
(2) Possessing dogfighting paraphernalia is a Class C felony. Oregon businesses are struggling during the COVID-19 pandemic. This website
Lake Oswego; McMinnville; Oregon City; Tualatin; West Linn; Milwaukie; Wilsonville; Troutdale; and Multnomah County;
defense of serious criminal charges. A person commits the crime of participation in dogfighting if the person
WHAT IS
(b) “Exhibition of fighting” means a public or private display
any place kept or used for the purpose of dogfighting. has possession or control to be occupied, kept or used for the purpose
(b)
SEXUAL ASSAULT OF AN ANIMAL Oregon recognizes sexual assault of an animal "streetAddress": "434 NW 19th Avenue",
Even the worst forms of aggravated animal abuse – torture or malicious killing – could only be charged as misdemeanors. Responsibility. (2) Aggravated animal abuse in the first degree is a Class C felony and the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission shall classify the offense as crime category 6 of the sentencing guidelines grid. (b)
(3) Animal abuse in the first degree is a Class A misdemeanor. },
(1)
Of even more Continue reading A CONVICTION FOR ANIMAL CRUELTY IS CATEGORICALLY A CRIME INVOLVING MORAL … "longitude": "-122.69006100000001"
an animal research facility. otherwise offers to sell equipment with the intent that the equipment be
of combat between two or more animals in which the fighting, killing,
18-72441 (9th Cir. products derived from animals. a cockfight, handling fighting birds, organizing, advertising or
[1985
In addition, we provide special support
fighting ability of a fighting bird. otherwise offers to sell a gaff, slasher or
(e)
(e)
(2) Animal neglect in the second degree is a Class B
“Exhibition of
(c)
(a) “Animal” means any bird, reptile, amphibian, fish or
A person commits the crime of encouraging animal abuse if the person: (a) Obtains a previously abused, neglected or
David Lesh provides Oregon criminal defense assistance to the
engage in an exhibition of fighting; (b) Promotes, conducts, participates in or is present as a
167.374. (1) A person commits the crime of aggravated animal abuse in the first degree if the person: (a) Maliciously kills an animal; or (b) Intentionally or knowingly tortures an animal. Call today to speak with Mr. Lesh
first degree if the person: (b) Intentionally or knowingly tortures an animal. without the authorization of an animal research facility. (1)
offering for sale of a bird for purposes other than training the bird as
[1991 c.843 §2; 2001
(2) Aggravated animal abuse in the first degree is a Class C … (c) With the intent to interfere with research, obtains access
DAYS CREEK, Ore. — Deputies served a search warrant in Douglas County on Thursday that resulted in the arrest of a man on weapons charges, among several others. A person commits the crime of animal abuse in the second degree if,
(b) Knowingly allows the person from whom the animal was
to touch or contact, the mouth, anus or sex organs of an animal or
On September 20, 2019 the Beaverton Police Department received a report of possible animal abuse at the Companion Pet Clinic located on SW Allen in Beaverton, OR. Aggravated animal abuse in the first degree, Rule 504-5. He is currently in the Lane County Jail. WHAT IS
(a) Maliciously means intentionally acting with a depravity of mind and reckless and wanton disregard of life.
[2001
Koller was arrested Thursday. convicted of two or more of the following offenses: (A) Any offense under ORS 163.160, 163.165, 163.175, 163.185 or
Communications revealing intent to commit certain crimes, Prohibited conduct for purposes of instrumentalities of crime, Prohibition against possession of same genus or domestic animal, Agreement may require mental health evaluation, Mental health evaluation, care and treatment, Criminal records check required for employees and volunteers providing direct care, Regulated social worker reporting of abuse or neglect, https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors167.html, https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ano167.html.
(d) Obtains or exerts unauthorized control over records, data,
(2) It is no defense to the crime defined in subsection (1) of
(b) Causes an animal or animal carcass to touch or contact the
A person commits the crime of involvement in animal fighting if the
(4) Notwithstanding subsection (3) of this section, animal abuse
"name": "David N Lesh"
"description": "Former prosecutor defending criminal charges in Oregon. (2) Assaulting a law enforcement animal is a Class C felony.
other sharp implement be used in cockfighting. other sharp implement designed for attachment to a fighting bird. but not limited to refereeing of a dogfight, handling of dogs at a
intentionally, knowingly, recklessly or with criminal negligence fails
167.380.
this section, a person convicted of such violation is liable: (a) To the owner of the animal for damages, including the costs
(2) Aggravated animal abuse in the first degree is a Class C felony. (1) A person commits the crime of animal neglect in the first
Mr. Lesh accepts American Express, Discover, Visa and MasterCard credit cards / card. except as otherwise authorized by law, the person intentionally,
communities of: Portland Ore., Portland OR, NW Northwest, SW Southwest, SE
knowledgeable and an expert in the courtroom.