-----… Question 9 (Multiple Choice Worth 5 points) In what way did climate change affect Ghana's position in the trans-Saharan trading networks? 1464-1491 Under its ruler Sunni Ali the kingdom of Songhai in west Africa conquers territory and expands. These trades date back as early as 300 c.e and ended with the conquest of Songhai by Morocco in the 16th-century c.e. 1508 The Portuguese begin to settle in Mozambique. He reigned from about 1464 to 1492. How did these kingdoms organize trade? Under the leadership of Sunni Ali, who created a new Sunni dynasty in 1464, Songhai began to expand. during the 1400s, it controlled most trading as well as the valuable salt and gold region of the area. Askia Muhammad strengthened his empire and made it the largest empire in West Africa's history. To protect these kingdoms, bigger armies were amassed. West African Empires: Ghana, Mali, and Songhai The Empire of Ghana (Empire of Gold)-Ghana developed in West Africa between the Niger (NI-jhur) and the Gambia Rivers. Muslim traders living in West Africa became known as the Dyula people and were part of the caste of wealthy merchants. In their new homes in Africa, they gave up their violent ways and turned their attention instead to charity and prayer (ibadah). How was a community's history typically passed along in Africa? Trade in Ancient West Africa. This first Songhai state benefited from the Muslim trade routes linking Arabia, North Africa, and West Africa. painting. shared their resources, had same climate and strong rulers . How were West African families and villages organized? written word. Kingdom of Ghana (approx. Why did the one in St. Domingue succeed? Sunni Ali. He was not a supporter of Islam and treated Muslim badly, so many Muslims became angry at him. SURVEY . Muslim traders spread Islam throughout Western Africa. 1562 England joins the slave trade. How was slavery practiced in West Africa? SURVEY . answer choices . One group moved west to North Africa and settled south of Tripoli, Libya. 200. Caravans of camel riding merchants from North Africa crossed the Sahara beginning in the seventh century of the Common Era. Hence they were called the Ibadis. The fact that Hezbollah, a Shia group, did not receive any backing from the Sunnis world during their war with Israel is cited as an example. Chapter 25 Key Names & Terms WEST AFRICA. How did trade affect West African societies? The belief in cults and magic was, however, not something new in Songhay. 1400 - Gold trade flourished - from west Africa, through Timbuktu and Gao, to Europe 1450 - Large settlement of scholars and traders in Timbuktu 1468 - Songhay Empire established by Sunni Ali. 1518 Onward African slaves are transported across the Atlantic by Europeans. The empire was established when Sunni Ali took the throne in 1464, and it only lasted for only about 127 years. These three Western African states dominated the trade of gold, salt, and merchandise between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. He built a powerful army that enabled the Songhai to … It is said of Sunni 'Ali that he tried to compromise between paganism and Islam although he prayed and fasted. If a prisoner of war had already converted to Islam before being captured, they could not be sold as a slave. 300. 7. What directions did the Salt and Gold Trade flow? [8] Sunni Ali was responsible for the creation of what African Empire? they didn't have history. Tags: Question 16 . West African Kingdoms were centers of trade, culture and scholarship in the centuries preceding the European Age of Discovery. One source of power for African rulers was the religion of Islam. Trade heavily influenced the development of West African kingdoms. Islamic law helped to lower crime rates and also spread the common language of Arabic, thus encouraging trade. Today, the people of Songhai are remembered for being traders and scholars. a. invasion by a Moroccan Muslim army equipped with firearms b. the death of Muhammad the Great c. … music/storytelling. It contains a lot of brief, yet informative articles about different aspects of Islam. With the face of universal Islam peering over a pagan, parochial Africa, a second period begins in the thirteenth century. Learn more about the Songhai empire here. How did Europeans react when they first encountered these West African kingdoms? It was the earliest city founded in West Africa. It existed in other parts of West Africa until the time the revivalist movements gained momentum in the 18th century. all in Africa, traded some things, weak rulers. The Songhai grew rich from trade across the Sahara,particularly trading gold, salt, nuts and slaves and soon was the largest of Africa's trading centers. It is said of Sunni ‘Ali that he tried to compromise between paganism and Islam although he prayed and fasted. The scholars called it merely a mockery. Sunni Ali, also known as Sunni Ali Ber, was born in Ali Kolon. In the 1460s, the great warrior Sunni Ali became the new ruler of the Songhai. all spoke Arabic, practiced Islam and had same climate. This trade route connected North Africa to South and West Africa. Sunni Ali was the first king of the Songhai Empire, located in Africa and the 15th ruler of the Sunni dynasty.Under Sunni Ali's command, many cities were captured and then fortified, such as Timbuktu (captured in 1468) and Djenné (captured in 1475). Long-distance trade increased wealth, which was used to build bigger kingdoms. Arab scholars and merchants as far away as Baghdad marveled at the wealth of these African states. [8] What accounted for the downfall of Songhay? Mali, landlocked country of western Africa, mostly in the Saharan and Sahelian regions. What were some cultural and social practices from Africa became a part of the African-American identity? By 1375, Mali appeared on a European map of West Africa. 200. He was from the Soninke ethnic group. At its peak under his reign, the Songhai Empire encompassed the Hausa states as far as Kano (in present-day Nigeria) and much of the territory that had belonged to the Songhai empire in the west. Sunni Ali turned Songhai into a huge empire. In 1464, Sultan Sunni Ali, ruler of the Songhai people, captured Timbuktu and brought the upper Niger river under his control. 4. 15. What is the name of the first emperor of Songhai? At its peak it stretched across 1,000 miles. According to South African History Online, the slave trade, both within Africa and with the Portuguese, played an important … 6. Songhai Empire: The Songhai Empire was established by Sunni Ali in 1468, superseding the older Mali Empire. Sunni Ali became a legendary hero in Songhai folklore. Following Ali’s reign, Askia the Great strengthened the Songhai Empire and made it the largest empire in West Africa’s history. They used to roam freely, but they had to start living closer together in villages . He was often portrayed as having magical powers and was known as Sunni Ali the Great. Islam in Songhai One of the groups within Mali’s empire was the Songhai people. 1551 The Turks capture Tripoli. After his death in 1492, his son, Sonni Baru, took over as emperor but ruled for only a year, losing the throne to Emperor Askia Muhammad Toure. 20 seconds . How Islam spread into sub-Saharan region of West Africa, and the great civilizations it established there, taking its inhabitants out of paganism to the worship of One God. Q. Across these routes, a variety of goods including foodstuffs, cloth, cowrie shells, and kola nuts flowed. Part 2: A history of the empires of Mali and Songhay. Took over Timbuktu and Gao 1493 - Muhammed Ture, a Muslim, founded the Askia dynasty and took over Songhay Empire. How did climate change affect the way people lived in W. Africa? Sunni Ali Ber was seen as the first great ruler of the Songhai Empire, the throne was given to his son Sunni Baru at his death. Trans-Sahara Trade. Did Islam lead to the height of the Songhai Empire? Sunni Ali made Songhai the dominant empire in West Africa, but it was always filled with violence. What were the central aspects of West African religion? 1488 The Portuguese sail round the Cape of Good Hope. Another migrated to Oman (686 CE) and from there sailed down the coast to East Africa. The belief in cults and magic was, however, not something new in Songhay. A West African storyteller is called a griot. The larger floods of the Niger River made consistent trade impossible. The Empire of Mali (The Muslim State) - The Mali Empire was a West African empire of the Mandinka.The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita. 3. Following Ghana and Mali, Songhai was the last of three great empires in West Africa. Sunni Ali was described as being ruthless with his opponents, who either suffered death or were sent into exile. Only by the late twelfth century did religious conversions in West Africa accelerate, marked by such conversions as the King of Gao in 1010 and the King of Kanem-Bornu in 1068. The Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhai dominated the region. Songhai empire, great trading state of West Africa (flourished 15th–16th century), centered on the middle reaches of the Niger River in what is now central Mali and eventually extending west to the Atlantic coast and east into Niger and Nigeria. 200. He completed the Hajj . The civilizations that flourished in ancient West Africa were mainly based on trade, so successful West African leaders tended to be peacemakers rather than warriors. This website is for people of various faiths who seek to understand Islam and Muslims. 4th to 12th centuries) Mali Empire (13th-14th centuries) Songhay Empire (1464-1591) Sunni Ali (reigns 1464-1493) An era of prosperity ensued with Gao as the chief trade center. Askia Muhammad I (1443 – 1538), born Muhammad Ture sylla or Muhammed Touré sylla in Futa Tooro, later called Askia, also known as Askia the Great, was an emperor, military commander, and political reformer of the Songhai Empire in the late 15th century. What follows is a geographical and historical treatment of Mali, including maps and statistics as well as a survey of its people, economy, and government. The first great ruler of the kingdom was Sunni Ali Ber, who was responsible for the empire’s expansion and the control of important Trans-Saharan trade routes. The scholars called it merely a mockery. It existed in other parts of West Africa until the time the revivalist movements gained momentum in the 18th century. 5. North-South. 1517 The Turks conquer Egypt. Read more about the country of Mali here. Tags: Question 15 . Ali, himself, was killed in 661, as the bitter power struggle between Sunni and Shia continued. In Songhai, under some rulers the armies were composed of slaves. What great pilgrimmage did Mansa Musa go on? The rise in temperature in West Africa made insect-born disease more common. a. Ethiopia b. Ghana c. Kongo d. Mali e. Songhay E?? It was an important kingdom.